In the rapidly evolving field of drone technology, two key areas have emerged as critical to its success: Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations and Last-Mile delivery. At a recent panel discussion, industry leaders gathered to share their experiences, challenges, and insights into these areas. This detailed blog post delves into their perspectives, offering a comprehensive look at the current state and future potential of drone operations in various sectors.
Setting the Stage
Jonty Slater opened the panel by acknowledging the expanded discussion format due to the merging of panels, which included experts from diverse backgrounds. He invited Lyela Mutisya to introduce herself and share her experiences with Agridrone Technologies, highlighting her work in Last-Mile medical delivery in Ethiopia and Kenya. Mutisya emphasized the life-saving potential of drone technology in delivering critical medical supplies quickly and efficiently.
Mutisya elaborated on specific projects she worked on, detailing how drones were used to deliver blood, vaccines, and uterotonics to remote clinics and hospitals. These deliveries often meant the difference between life and death, particularly in regions with poor infrastructure and limited access to medical facilities. She shared a poignant story of a mother suffering from postpartum hemorrhage who survived thanks to the timely delivery of blood by a drone, illustrating the profound impact of this technology.
Industry Experiences and Challenges
Dean Polley from SaaS Holdings discussed his company’s journey from selling DJI drones to assembling large vertical takeoff and landing unmanned vehicles for BVLOS operations. He highlighted the steep learning curve and regulatory challenges faced, underscoring the importance of balancing technology with regulations to enable efficient operations.
Polley described the technical innovations his company has pursued to overcome challenges such as electronic conspicuity and reliable radio systems for long-range flights. He also shared insights into the regulatory landscape in South Africa, explaining how navigating these regulations requires a deep understanding of both the technology and the legal frameworks. Polley emphasized the need for continuous collaboration between drone manufacturers, operators, and regulators to create an environment conducive to innovation.
Kjeld Jensen, an Associate Professor at the University of Southern Denmark, shared his decade-long research on integrating drones into lower airspace. His key achievement involved healthcare and patient sample delivery between hospitals, showcasing the practical applications of BVLOS in non-segregated airspace with advanced detect-and-avoid systems.
Jensen detailed the technological advancements his team has developed, including sophisticated detect-and-avoid algorithms based on ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) technology. He discussed the trials and successes of conducting 50-kilometer flights between hospitals, which not only demonstrated the reliability of BVLOS operations but also highlighted the potential for scaling such solutions to broader healthcare logistics networks.
Kathrin Damian from GIZ discussed her work on regulation and capacity building in Africa, emphasizing the need for tailored regulations that fit the unique needs of African countries rather than adopting European models. She stressed the importance of engaging with private sectors and local operators to create effective and realistic regulatory frameworks.
Damian elaborated on specific regulatory projects her team has been involved in across Rwanda, Côte d’Ivoire, and Germany. She explained the process of working closely with local civil aviation authorities to understand the unique challenges and opportunities within each region. Damian highlighted the significance of capacity building, sharing examples of training programs designed to equip local regulators and operators with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage and utilize drone technology effectively.
Captain Tobias Ogeto of Stablegen Drones Academy highlighted the operational side of drones, focusing on surveillance and mapping in Kenya and Tanzania. He discussed the practical challenges faced in BVLOS operations, including the importance of operator training and the integration of sophisticated equipment to ensure mission success.
Ogeto shared case studies from his work in wildlife conservation, where drones have been used to monitor animal populations and track poachers in real-time. He explained the importance of using advanced imaging technologies, such as thermal cameras and LiDAR, to enhance the effectiveness of drone missions. Ogeto also discussed the critical role of operator training, emphasizing that well-trained pilots are essential for the safe and efficient execution of BVLOS operations.
Perspectives from Academia and Government
Professor Matthew Watson from the University of Bristol provided an academic perspective on drone technology. Watson, who specializes in natural hazards, discussed the application of drones in disaster risk reduction. He highlighted the use of UAVs for planning, observing, and responding to natural disasters, emphasizing the need for rapid deployment capabilities.
Watson shared examples from his research, where drones have been used for mapping and search and rescue operations. He emphasized that natural hazards often occur over large areas, necessitating BVLOS capabilities to effectively monitor and respond to such events. Watson also discussed the importance of integrating drone technology into broader disaster management strategies to enhance resilience and reduce risk.
David Guerin from Australia, who has extensive experience in air traffic management and drone operations, provided insights into the regulatory challenges and opportunities for BVLOS operations in Africa. Guerin, who has worked with the World Bank and various humanitarian organizations, emphasized the importance of developing regulatory frameworks that are fit for purpose and support the unique needs of different regions.
Guerin discussed his work on mapping regulations across the African Union member states, highlighting the lack of harmonization and the need for a coordinated approach. He advocated for a risk-based methodology and international cooperation to develop effective and scalable regulatory solutions. Guerin also emphasized the importance of building capacity within civil aviation authorities to manage and support the growing drone industry.
Kiprono Chepkok from the Kenya Blood Transfusion and Transplant Service provided a compelling case for the life-saving potential of drones in delivering blood and medical supplies to remote areas. He highlighted the inefficiencies and high costs of traditional road transport and the potential of drones to significantly reduce delivery times and save lives.
Chepkok explained that in emergencies, such as when rare blood types are needed in remote areas, the logistical challenges of transporting blood by road can be insurmountable. He cited a recent case where O-negative blood had to be transported from Kericho to Nairobi and then to Wajir, highlighting the potential for drones to expedite such critical deliveries.
Chepkok provided detailed cost comparisons between traditional road transport and drone delivery, illustrating the significant savings in both time and money. He also discussed the logistical complexities of managing blood supplies in a country with diverse geographical and infrastructural challenges. Chepkok argued that drones offer a viable solution to these challenges, particularly in remote and underserved regions where access to medical supplies can be a matter of life and death.
Dr. Klaus Scho from German Drones shared his experience in BVLOS operations, emphasizing the need for reliable and efficient drone technology. Schwab, whose company produces fixed-wing drones for various applications, highlighted successful BVLOS projects in Europe and Africa. He discussed the challenges of navigating complex regulatory environments and the importance of building trust with regulators and stakeholders.
Schwab detailed the technical capabilities of German Drones’ fixed-wing aircraft, which have been used for long-range missions such as pipeline inspections and environmental monitoring. He emphasized the importance of developing robust and reliable drones that can meet the demands of BVLOS operations while ensuring safety and compliance with regulatory requirements.
The Role of Regulation
A central theme in the discussion was the role of regulation in enabling or hindering BVLOS and Last-Mile delivery. David Guerin, a consultant with the World Bank, provided a comprehensive overview of the complexities involved in harmonizing regulations across Africa. He highlighted the need for a risk-based approach and capacity building within civil aviation authorities to support safe and scalable drone operations.
Guerin presented an analysis of the current regulatory landscape across the 55 African Union member states, detailing the lack of harmonization and the diverse regulatory approaches taken by different countries. He argued that a one-size-fits-all approach would not work in Africa and proposed a flexible, modular framework that could be adapted to the specific needs and contexts of each country. Guerin also emphasized the importance of international cooperation and knowledge sharing, suggesting that Africa could benefit from learning from the experiences of other regions while developing its own unique regulatory models.
Kathrin Damian reiterated the importance of pragmatic regulations that reflect the realities of drone operations in Africa. She pointed out the high costs associated with registering drone operators and obtaining pilot training, which can be prohibitive for startups. She advocated for more affordable and accessible regulatory frameworks to foster innovation and growth in the industry.
Damian provided examples of successful regulatory initiatives, such as Rwanda’s pioneering work in creating a conducive environment for drone operations. She discussed the collaborative efforts between the Rwandan government and private sector stakeholders to streamline the regulatory process, reduce costs, and encourage innovation. Damian argued that similar approaches could be adopted in other African countries to unlock the full potential of drone technology.
The Commercial Viability of BVLOS and Last-Mile Delivery
The panelists also discussed the commercial aspects of drone operations. Kiprono Chepkok from the Kenya Blood Transfusion and Transplant Service provided a compelling case for the life-saving potential of drones in delivering blood and medical supplies to remote areas. He highlighted the inefficiencies and high costs of traditional road transport and the potential of drones to significantly reduce delivery times and save lives.
Chepkok explained that in emergencies, such as when rare blood types are needed in remote areas, the logistical challenges of transporting blood by road can be insurmountable. He cited a recent case where O-negative blood had to be transported from Kericho to Nairobi and then to Wajir, highlighting the potential for drones to expedite such critical deliveries.
Chepkok provided detailed cost comparisons between traditional road transport and drone delivery, illustrating the significant savings in both time and money. He also discussed the logistical complexities of managing blood supplies in a country with diverse geographical and infrastructural challenges. Chepkok argued that drones offer a viable solution to these challenges, particularly in remote and underserved regions where access to medical supplies can be a matter of life and death.
Lyela Mutisya added that partnering with private institutions and leveraging leasing models can make drone operations more sustainable and affordable. She noted the growing support from governments in East Africa, which are increasingly embracing drone technology and partnering with the private sector to fund and operate BVLOS projects.
Mutisya shared examples of successful public-private partnerships in Ethiopia and Kenya, where governments have collaborated with drone companies to implement BVLOS projects. She highlighted the benefits of leasing models, which allow organizations to access advanced drone technology without the upfront costs of purchasing equipment. Mutisya also discussed the importance of government support in creating a favorable regulatory environment and providing funding for pilot projects.
Dean Polley emphasized the importance of starting small and scaling up based on successful reference cases. He described how the South African Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) manages BVLOS operations on a case-by-case basis, requiring detailed concept of operations (CONOPS) submissions and demonstrations before granting approvals. This approach, he argued, allows for gradual expansion while ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.
Polley provided insights into specific BVLOS projects his company has undertaken, detailing the step-by-step process of gaining regulatory approval and conducting successful operations. He emphasized the importance of building a track record of successful missions to gain the trust and confidence of regulators. Polley also discussed the potential for scaling up operations by leveraging successful case studies and demonstrating the commercial viability of BVLOS applications.
The Necessity of UTM
The discussion then turned to the necessity of Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) systems for BVLOS operations. The panelists generally agreed that while UTM systems are essential for managing higher volumes of drone traffic, especially in urban areas, they may not be immediately necessary for all BVLOS operations. They advocated for a flexible approach that considers the specific needs and conditions of each operation.
Kjeld Jensen emphasized that the definition of UTM varies and that a full-scale UTM system might not be required for every BVLOS operation. He suggested that a risk-based approach, combined with private sector solutions and dynamic mapping of restricted zones, could provide an effective interim solution.
Jensen elaborated on the different stages of UTM development, from basic maps of restricted zones to dynamic updates and conflict resolution systems. He argued that many countries are still in the early stages of UTM implementation, focusing primarily on static maps and basic registration systems. He suggested that countries could progress to more advanced UTM capabilities over time, as drone traffic increases and the need for sophisticated management systems becomes more pressing.
Jensen also discussed the potential for integrating UTM systems with existing air traffic management infrastructure, highlighting the benefits of a seamless and coordinated approach. He argued that by leveraging existing technologies and frameworks, countries could accelerate the implementation of UTM systems and enhance the safety and efficiency of drone operations.
Captain Tobias Ogeto highlighted the importance of transitioning from visual to BVLOS operations and the need for clear guidelines and training for operators. He pointed out that the ability to integrate BVLOS capabilities into existing operations could significantly enhance the commercial viability of drone missions.
Ogeto shared insights from his work in wildlife conservation, where BVLOS operations have been used to monitor large areas and track animals over long distances. He discussed the challenges of operating in remote and rugged environments, emphasizing the importance of reliable communication systems and robust training programs for operators. Ogeto also highlighted the potential for BVLOS operations to support other applications, such as disaster response and infrastructure inspection.
David Guerin discussed the challenges of implementing UTM in the context of Africa’s diverse regulatory landscape. He emphasized the importance of developing UTM systems that are tailored to the specific needs and conditions of different regions. Guerin suggested that a modular approach, where UTM services are gradually introduced based on the volume of drone traffic and the complexity of operations, could be an effective way to balance safety and innovation.
Guerin provided examples of UTM pilot projects in Africa, highlighting the successes and challenges faced in their implementation. He discussed the importance of international cooperation and knowledge sharing, suggesting that African countries could benefit from collaborating with other regions to develop effective UTM solutions. Guerin also emphasized the need for ongoing research and development to ensure that UTM systems remain adaptable and responsive to the evolving needs of the drone industry.
Kathrin Damian reiterated the need for pragmatic solutions that reflect the realities of drone operations in Africa. She pointed out that while UTM systems are valuable, they should not be seen as a prerequisite for all BVLOS operations. Instead, she advocated for a flexible approach that allows for innovation and experimentation, particularly in remote and underserved areas.
Damian discussed the potential for leveraging existing technologies and frameworks to develop UTM solutions that are both effective and affordable. She highlighted the importance of engaging with local stakeholders and operators to ensure that UTM systems are tailored to the specific needs and conditions of each region. Damian also emphasized the need for ongoing capacity building and training programs to equip local regulators and operators with the skills and knowledge necessary to manage and utilize UTM systems effectively.
Questions from the Audience
The discussion concluded with a Q&A session, where audience members had the opportunity to ask questions and engage with the panelists. One question focused on the potential for community mapping projects to leverage BVLOS capabilities without requiring extensive individual certifications for pilots.
David Guerin responded by emphasizing the importance of developing standardized training programs and certifications that are accessible to community members. He suggested that community-based projects could benefit from simplified regulatory frameworks that allow for flexible and scalable BVLOS operations.
Guerin provided examples of successful community mapping projects that have leveraged BVLOS capabilities to achieve significant results. He discussed the importance of involving local communities in the planning and execution of these projects, highlighting the benefits of empowering community members with the skills and knowledge necessary to operate drones safely and effectively. Guerin also emphasized the need for ongoing support and capacity building to ensure the sustainability and success of community-based BVLOS projects.
Captain Tobias Ogeto added that transitioning from visual to BVLOS operations could be facilitated by incorporating standardized training and certification programs. He highlighted the importance of equipping community members with the necessary skills and knowledge to operate drones safely and effectively.
Ogeto shared insights from his work with community-based projects in Kenya and Tanzania, where local operators have been trained to conduct BVLOS missions for various applications, including wildlife conservation and agricultural monitoring. He discussed the challenges and successes of these projects, emphasizing the importance of ongoing support and capacity building to ensure their sustainability. Ogeto also highlighted the potential for community-based BVLOS operations to create new economic opportunities and improve the livelihoods of local residents.
Conclusion
The panel discussion provided a rich tapestry of insights into the challenges and opportunities in BVLOS and Last-Mile delivery. It highlighted the critical role of regulation in shaping the future of drone operations and the need for pragmatic, tailored approaches that reflect the unique conditions of different regions. The commercial potential of drones, especially in life-saving medical deliveries, was clearly demonstrated, underscoring the transformative impact of this technology. As the industry continues to evolve, collaboration between regulators, private sectors, and operators will be key to unlocking the full potential of BVLOS and Last-Mile delivery in improving lives and fostering innovation.
Excellent article, missed the event but reading this gives me an insight on how the summit was.